The vitrectomy machine is designed to facilitate intricate retinal surgeries through the following functions:

1. Vitreous Cutting

   • The machine uses a microscopic cutting tool (vitrector) to delicately remove the vitreous humor, layer by layer.
   • Advanced systems allow adjustable cutting rates to suit the complexity of the surgery.

2. Irrigation

   • A fluid infusion system maintains proper intraocular pressure (IOP) during surgery, preventing eye collapse and ensuring stability.

3. Aspiration

   • Precisely removes cut vitreous and other intraocular debris.

4. Illumination

   • Provides a bright, focused light source to enhance visibility during surgery, especially in the posterior segment of the eye.

5. Gas or Fluid Exchange

   • The machine can replace the removed vitreous with saline, air, gas, or silicone oil, depending on the surgical requirements.

     1. High-Speed Vitrector

        • Provides rapid and precise vitreous cutting with minimal traction on the retina.

     2. Integrated Visualization

        • Equipped with advanced optical systems and illumination for clear visualization of the posterior segment.

     3. Customizable Settings

        • Surgeons can adjust infusion rates, cutting speeds, aspiration levels, and illumination intensity for tailored surgical control.

     4. Safety Mechanisms

        • Automated controls to maintain intraocular pressure and prevent accidental damage to delicate retinal tissues.

     5. Multifunctionality

        • Many machines combine vitrectomy with capabilities for cataract surgery and laser photocoagulation, providing a comprehensive solution.

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     Applications of a Posterior Vitrectomy Machine

     1. Retinal Detachment Repair

        • Removes vitreous and scar tissue to facilitate reattachment of the retina.

     2. Diabetic Retinopathy

        • Treats complications such as vitreous hemorrhage or tractional retinal detachment.

     3. Macular Surgery

        • Addresses macular holes and epiretinal membranes.

     4. Intraocular Foreign Body Removal

        • Removes foreign objects lodged in the vitreous or retina.

     5. Management of Endophthalmitis

        • Clears infected vitreous in severe eye infections.